RESUMO Introdução: Resistência e velocidade são fundamentais na prática da natação. Também é essencial que os atletas utilizem o método de prática correto durante o treinamento para melhorar o nível de força, resistência e velocidade dos nadadores. Os exercícios de natação padronizados também podem reduzir a incapacidade dos esportes terrestres convencionais de se adaptar ao processo de transição da terra para a água. Esta capacidade plena de natação é também o objetivo perseguido por muitos treinadores e jogadores. Objetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar os métodos de treinamento para melhorar a força, resistência e velocidade dos nadadores. Métodos: 20 nadadores voluntários foram selecionados como o objeto de pesquisa. Todos os atletas participam de um programa de treinamento de resistência. Este artigo registra a intensidade do treinamento e os dados de resistência durante o treinamento do atleta. Este artigo usa estatísticas matemáticas para análise de dados. Resultados: O nível técnico da função do corpo humano dos atletas melhorou significativamente após o exercício do sistema de endurance. Os dados foram estatisticamente significativos (P<0,05). Conclusão: O treinamento de resistência pode melhorar a força dos membros inferiores dos nadadores. Este treinamento pode fazer com que o treinamento dedicado alcance as exigências da competição. Os resultados apresentados podem estabelecer uma base teórica para que os treinadores formulem planos de treinamento. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Endurance and speed are fundamental to swimming. It is also essential for athletes to use the correct practice method during training to improve swimmers’ level of strength, endurance, and speed. Standardized swimming exercises can also reduce the inability of conventional land sports to adapt to the transition process from land to water. At the same time, standardized swimming exercises can also reduce the inability of conventional land sports to adapt to the transition process from land to water. This total swimming ability is also the goal pursued by many coaches and players. Objective: This study analyzes the training methods to improve swimmers’ strength, endurance, and speed. The results of this work can establish a theoretical basis for coaches to formulate training plans. Methods: This paper selects 20 swimmers as the object of research. There were ten males and ten females. All athletes participate in an endurance training program. This paper records the training intensity and endurance data during the athlete’s training. This paper uses mathematical statistics for data analysis. Results: The athletes’ human body’s technical level improved significantly after the endurance system exercise. The data were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Endurance training can improve swimmers’ lower body strength. This training can make special training infinitely close to the demands of competition. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción: La resistencia y la velocidad son fundamentales en la práctica de la natación. También es esencial que los deportistas utilicen el método de práctica correcto durante el entrenamiento para mejorar el nivel de fuerza, resistencia y velocidad de los nadadores. Los ejercicios de natación estandarizados también pueden reducir la incapacidad de los deportes terrestres convencionales para adaptarse al proceso de transición de la tierra al agua. Al mismo tiempo, los ejercicios de natación estandarizados también pueden reducir la incapacidad de los deportes terrestres convencionales para adaptarse al proceso de transición de la tierra al agua. Esta capacidad total de nadar es también el objetivo que persiguen muchos entrenadores y jugadores. Objetivo: Este estudio pretende analizar los métodos de entrenamiento para mejorar la fuerza, la resistencia y la velocidad de los nadadores. Los resultados de este trabajo pueden establecer una base teórica para que los entrenadores formulen planes de entrenamiento. Métodos: Este trabajo selecciona 20 nadadores como objeto de investigación. Había diez hombres y diez mujeres. Todos los atletas participan en un programa de entrenamiento de resistencia. Este documento registra la intensidad del entrenamiento y los datos de resistencia durante el entrenamiento del atleta. Este documento utiliza la estadística matemática para el análisis de los datos. Resultados: El nivel técnico de la función del cuerpo humano de los atletas mejoró significativamente después del ejercicio del sistema de resistencia. Los datos fueron estadísticamente significativos (P<0,05). Conclusión: El entrenamiento de resistencia puede mejorar la fuerza de la parte inferior del cuerpo de los nadadores. Los resultados presentados pueden establecer una base teórica para que los formadores formulen planes de entrenamiento. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Abstract Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is worldwide the sixth-largest food crop and highly drought resistant. The expression of the myeloblastosis (MYB) family protein MeMYB26 in cassava was previously reported to be significantly up-regulated under water deficit. To study the basic characterization, natural variations and potential functions of MeMYB26 for drought resistance in cassava, the protein was subjected to bioinformatics analysis, multiplex-PCR with next-generation sequencing and candidate association studies. The results indicated that MeMYB26 is a typical transcription factor, with two MYB DNA-binding and transcriptional activation domains. One stop-gained and five nonsynonymous variations in the genomic region of MeMYB26 were significantly associated with drought resistance traits. The results of the scale-free coexpression network showed that the MeMYB26 gene plays a critical role in plant stress resistance, growth and biomass development. It was concluded that MeMYB26 is a reliable candidate gene associated with drought tolerance and biomass storage in cassava.

Abstract Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe central nervous system trauma. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of HIF-1α on inflammation in spinal cord injury (SCI) to uncover the molecular mechanisms of anti-inflammation. Results: HIF-1α was reduced in SCI model rats and HIF-1α activation reduced TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-18 levels in SCI model rats. Meanwhile, Circ 0001723 expression was down-regulated and miR-380-3p expression was up-regulated in SCI model rats. In vitro model, down-regulation of Circ 0001723 promoted TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-18 levels, compared with control negative group. However, over-expression of Circ 0001723 reduced TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-18 levels in vitro model. Down-regulation of Circ 0001723 suppressed HIF-1α protein expressions and induced NLRP3 and Caspase-1 protein expressions in vitro model by up-regulation of miR-380-3p. Next, inactivation of HIF-1α reduced the pro-inflammation effects of Circ 0001723 in vitro model. Then, si-NLRP3 also inhibited the pro-inflammation effects of Circ 0001723 in vitro model via promotion of autophagy. Conclusions: We concluded that HIF-Ια reduced inflammation in spinal cord injury via miR-380-3p/ NLRP3 by Circ 0001723.

Warm rolling of medium Mn steel is a promising technology to meet the needs of vehicle weight reduction and energy conservation while ensuring the safety for passengers. In this study, a novel Nb-Mo microalloyed 6.6Mn steel was subjected to a series of warm rolling tests at temperatures ranging from 630 to 690 ºC, based on the thermodynamic-based prediction of inter-critical annealing using a Thermo-Calc software. As a comparison, a conventional multi-stage thermo- mechanical process involving hot rolling, cold rolling and inter-critical annealing was carried out as well. The optimal rolling temperature parameters for warm rolling was explored through tensile tests and the detailed microstructural characterization. The experimental results show that the microstructure and mechanical characteristics strongly depended on the warm rolling temperature. A better combination of UTS and TE products (~32.0 GPa·%) was achieved in the 660ºC-warm-rolled specimen, which is much higher than 12.3 GPa·% for the hot formed 22MnB5 steel and is also comparable to 38.3 GPa·% for the annealed cold-rolled specimens.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate multiplex allele specific polymerase chain reaction as a rapid molecular tool for detecting multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. METHODS: Based on drug susceptibility testing, 103 isolates were multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and 45 isolates were sensitive to isonicotinylhydrazine and rifampin. Primers were designed to target five mutations hotspots that confer resistance to the first-line drugs isoniazid and rifampin, and multiplex allele specific polymerase chain reaction was performed. Whole-genome sequencing confirmed drug resistance mutations identified by multiplex allele specific polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: DNA sequencing revealed that 68.9% of multidrug-resistant strains have point mutations at codon 315 of the katG gene, 19.8% within the mabA-inhA promoter, and 98.0% at three hotspots within rpoB. Multiplex allele specific polymerase chain reaction detected each of these five mutations, yielding 82.3% sensitivity and 100% specificity for isoniazid resistance, and 97.9% sensitivity and 100% specificity for rifampin resistance as compared to drug susceptibility testing. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that multiplex allele specific polymerase chain reaction is an inexpensive and practical method for rapid detection of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in developing countries.

Uma nova plataforma de sensoriamento eletroquímico foi fabricada com nanohíbrido consistindo de óxido de grafeno e hidróxido de ferro coloidal. Devido à elevada área superficial e à excelente condutividade elétrica do nanohíbrido, o sensor eletroquímico preparado exibiu atividade eletrocatalítica proeminente na oxidação do floroglucinol, resultando no aumento da corrente do pico de oxidação e redução do sobrepotencial de oxidação. O nanohíbrido foi utilizado como uma plataforma aprimorada de detecção eletroquímica para a determinação sensível do floroglucinol. O mecanismo de oxidação do floroglucinol nesta plataforma de detecção foi investigada em detalhes, as condições de determinação foram otimizadas, e os parâmetros cinéticos também foram calculados. Sob condições otimizadas, a corrente de pico de oxidação foi proporcional à concentração do floroglucinol no intervalo de 5,00-100,00 nmol L-1, com limites de detecção e de quantificação de 3,45 e 11,51 nmol L-1, respectivamente. A plataforma de detecção exibiu estabilidade em longo prazo, alta reprodutibilidade e alta capacidade de anti-interferência. A plataforma foi empregada para detectar floroglucinol em amostras ambientais de água com boas recuperações. O excelente desempenho, a simplicidade de operação e o baixo custo tornam o híbrido baseado no grafeno atraente na construção de um sensor.

A novel electrochemical sensing platform was fabricated with nanohybrid consisting of graphene oxide and iron hydroxide colloid. With high surface area and excellent electrical conductivity of the nanohybrid, the prepared electrochemical sensor exhibited preeminent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of phloroglucinol, resulting in the increase of the oxidation peak current and decrease of the oxidation overpotential. The nanohybrid was used as an enhanced electrochemical sensing platform for sensitive determination of phloroglucinol. The oxidation mechanism of phloroglucinol at this sensing platform was investigated in detail, the determination conditions were optimized, and the kinetic parameters were also calculated. Under the optimized conditions, the oxidation peak current was proportional to phloroglucinol concentration in the range from 5.00 to 100.00 nmol L-1 with limits of detection and of quantification of 3.45 and 11.51 nmol L-1, respectively. This sensing platform displayed long-term stability, high reproducibility and super anti-interference capability. It was employed to detect phloroglucinol in environmental water samples with good recoveries. The excellent performance, operational simplicity and low expense make the graphene-based hybrid attractive in the sensor construction.

OBJECTIVE: To prevent perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV), WHO recommends that the first dose of hepatitis B (HepB) vaccine be given within 24 hours after birth. This presents a challenge in remote areas with limited cold-chain infrastructure and where many children are born at home. METHODS: Rural townships in three counties in China's Hunan Province were randomized into three groups with different strategies for delivery of the first dose of HepB vaccine. In group 1, vaccine was stored within the cold chain and administered in township hospitals. In group 2, vaccine was stored out of the cold chain in villages and administered by village-based health workers to infants at home. Group 3 used the same strategy as group 2, but vaccine was packaged in a prefilled injection device. Training of immunization providers and public communication conveying the importance of the birth dose was performed for all groups. FINDINGS: Among children born at home, timely administration (within 24 hours after birth) of the first dose of HepB vaccine increased in all groups after the study: group 1, from 2.4% to 25.2%; group 2, from 2.6% to 51.8%; and group 3, from 0.6% to 66.7%; P < 0.001 in each case. No significant difference in antibody response to vaccine was observed between the groups. CONCLUSION: Timely administration of the first dose of HepB vaccine was improved by communication and training activities, and by out-of-cold-chain storage of vaccine and administration at the village level, especially among children born at home.

OBJETIVO: A fin de prevenir la transmisión perinatal del virus de la hepatitis B, la OMS recomienda que la primera dosis de la vacuna contra esa enfermedad (HepB) se administre en un plazo de 24 horas después del nacimiento. Eso entraña serias dificultades en las zonas remotas, donde falta infraestructura de cadena de frío y donde muchos niños nacen en el hogar. MÉTODOS: Se procedió a asignar aleatoriamente diversos municipios rurales de tres cantones de la provincia china de Hunan a tres estrategias diferentes de implementación de la primera dosis de vacuna HepB. En el grupo 1 la vacuna se conservó en la cadena de frío y se administró en los hospitales del municipio. En el grupo 2 la vacuna se conservó fuera de la cadena de frío en las aldeas y fue administrada por los agentes de salud de aldea a los lactantes en su hogar. Con el grupo 3 se usó la misma estrategia que con el grupo 2, pero envasando la vacuna en un dispositivo de inyección precargado. En todos los grupos se adiestró oportunamente a los vacunadores y se hizo llegar a la población el mensaje de que la dosis de nacimiento era muy importante. RESULTADOS: Entre los niños nacidos en el hogar, la administración puntual (en las 24 horas siguientes al nacimiento) de la primera dosis de vacuna HepB aumentó en todos los grupos después del estudio: del 2,4% al 25,2% en el grupo 1; del 2,6% al 51,8% en el grupo 2; y del 0,6% al 66,7% en el grupo 3 (P < 0,001 en todos los casos). No se observó ninguna diferencia importante en la respuesta de anticuerpos inducida por la vacuna entre los tres grupos. CONCLUSIÓN: La administración puntual de la primera dosis de la vacuna HepB mejoró de resultas de las actividades de comunicación y capacitación, así como del procedimiento de conservar la vacuna fuera de la cadena de frío y administrarla en las aldeas, especialmente entre los niños nacidos en el hogar.

OBJECTIF: Pour prévenir la transmission périnatale du virus de l'hépatite B (VHB), l'OMS recommande que la première dose de vaccin contre l'hépatite B (HepB) soit administrée dans les 24 h suivant la naissance. Cela représente un défi pour les zones reculées et peu équipées en infrastructures de maintien de la chaîne du froid, dans lesquelles de nombreux enfants naissent à la maison. MÉTHODES: Des localités rurales appartenant à trois comtés de la province chinoise du Hunan ont été réparties au hasard entre trois groupes bénéficiant de stratégies différentes pour la délivrance de la première dose de vaccin anti-HepB. Dans le cas du groupe 1, le vaccin a été stocké dans le cadre de la chaîne du froid et administré dans des hôpitaux relevant des localités. Dans celui du groupe 2, le vaccin a été stocké en dehors de la chaine du froid dans des villages et administré à domicile aux nourrissons par des agents de santé basés dans ces villages. Pour le groupe 3, la même stratégie a été appliquée que pour le groupe 2, sauf que le vaccin a été conditionné dans un dispositif pour injection pré-rempli. Pour tous les groupes, une formation a été apportée aux vaccinateurs et une opération de communication en direction du public a été menée pour faire connaître l'importance de la vaccination à la naissance. RÉSULTATS: A l'issue de l'étude, l'administration dans les délais (dans les 24 h suivant la naissance) de la première dose de vaccin anti-HepB a augmenté chez les enfants nés à domicile de tous les groupes. Groupe 1 : 2,4 % à 25,2 % ; groupe 2 : 2,6 % à 51,8 % et groupe 3 : 0,6 % à 66,7 % ; (p < 0,001 dans tous les cas). Aucune différence notable n'a été relevée entre les groupes concernant la réponse en anticorps au vaccin. CONCLUSION: Les opérations de communication et de formation, ainsi que le stockage hors de la chaîne du froid du vaccin et son administration au niveau des villages, ont entraîné des améliorations en termes d'administration dans les délais de la première dose de vaccin anti-HepB, en particulier chez les enfants nés à domicile.